Fig. 5: Two GBÂ types revealed in polycrystalline MAPbI3 thin film.
a–b Proposed models of Type I and Type II GBs based on the pc-AFM and T-AFM results. c–d pc-AFM line scans during distinct tip-FTO biasing as noted across Type I (c) and Type II (d) GBs, revealing voltage-independent unique behavior. The two types of GBs are highlighted with black dashed oval and magenta dotted oval, respectively, here and in Fig. 3e, taken across the paths equivalently identified in Fig. 3f.
