Fig. 3: Synthesis, chemical property, and n-doping kinetics.
From: A thermally activated and highly miscible dopant for n-type organic thermoelectrics
a Synthesis, chemical stability, and hydride-transfer ability of TAM. b Time-dependent 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra of TAM in boiling H2O-d2. c Time-dependent absorbance of hydride-transfer reaction between (MeO)3Tr+ and TAM (or N-DMBI). The initial concentrations are 2.38 × 10−5 M for (MeO)3Tr+, 1.42 × 10−4 M for both TAM and N-DMBI in anhydrous dichloromethane. d Density functional theory (DFT) calculated activation ΔG‡298K, reaction ΔG298K, and energy surface for hydride-transfer reaction between (MeO)3Tr+ and TAM (or N-DMBI). DFT calculation performed under ωB97XD/6-311 + G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31 G(d) level. e, f Absorption spectra of intrinsic and TAM (e)- or N-DMBI (f)-doped FBDPPV dilute 1,2-dichlorobenzene solution. The polymer concentration keeps 20 mg/L (in 1,2-dichlorobenzene) for each case, with different mass fraction of dopants after mixing for 5 min. TAM has ultra-high stability with strong n-doping ability at high temperature.
