Fig. 1: Interactions between β-ray and solids.
From: Two-dimensional halide perovskite as β-ray scintillator for nuclear radiation monitoring

a Schematic illustration of sequential signals produced by the interactions between β particles and solids via inelastic scattering. b Schematic view of elastic scattering with nucleus and inelastic scattering with extranuclear electrons for incident β particles. AN and Ae represent the cross sections of the elastic scattering with nucleus and inelastic scattering with extranuclear electrons.