Fig. 4: MoS2 mineral catalysts from cheap molybdenite concentrates for high-current-density HER.
a Bird’s eye view of the Sandaozhuang open-pit molybdenite mine in Luoyang, China. Reproduced from Ref. 28. The length of the field is around 1.5 km. b Commodity price differences between platinum, high-purity MoS2, industrial-grade MoS2, and molybdenite concentrate. c Polarization curves of the different catalysts in 0.5 M H2SO4 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 with iR correction. Inset is an optical image of a three-electrode electrolyzer for larger working electrodes. d H2 production rate of different molybdenite concentrate-based catalysts to produce hydrogen under −390 mV vs RHE without iR correction. e Chronoamperometric response (i–t) curve of a 5 cm2 roll of cheap mineral-based catalyst for HER at current of ~500 mA over 24 h.
