Fig. 2: Exploration of key TMD properties responsible for cytotoxicity.
From: Vacancies on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides elicit ferroptotic cell death
a Representative TEM images of TMD distribution in cells. BEAS-2B cells treated by 100 μg/mL WS2 and MoS2 for 24 h were collected to fix, stain and prepare slides for TEM observation. Shown are the representative images from three independent cell samples. The cyan arrows represent the TMDs. Symbol (#) represents background elements. b Impacts of endocytosis inhibitor on cytotoxicity of WS2 and MoS2. BEAS-2B cells pretreated with 5 μg/mL CD for 2 h were exposed to 200 μg/mL WS2 and MoS2 for cell viability test after 48 h incubation (n = 3 biologically independent cell samples). Data are presented as mean values ± SD. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 compared to TMD treatments by two-tailored Student t-test. c Assessment of surface radicals on TMD surfaces (n = 3 independent samples). All 2D materials were subjected to EPR measurement at a g value of 2.003133 (left). The oxidation potentials were assessed by detection of the fluorescence of H2DCF after 2 h incubation with 250 μg/mL of TMDs (right). Data are presented as mean values ± SD. d Interactions between TMDs and lipid layers (n = 3 independent experiments). The fluorescence of Nile red labeled lipids were detected in supernatants resulting from DSPC liposomes (1 mg/mL) reacted with 200 μg/mL TMDs for 4 h (left). Hemolysis assay was performed by incubation of fresh mouse blood cells with 100 μg/mL 2D TMDs in PBS to detect the absorbance of released hemoglobin in supernatants (right). Data are presented as mean values ± SD.
