Fig. 3: Biomarkers of ferroptosis in TMD-exposed cells.
From: Vacancies on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides elicit ferroptotic cell death
a Representative images of Fe2+ in cells by confocal microscope. BEAS-2B cells treated by 100 μM Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2, 200 μg/mL WS2 and MoS2 were stained by FeRhoNox (red) to visualize the cellular distribution of Fe2+. Hoechst 33342 and WGA were used to stain nuclei (blue) and cell membrane (green), respectively (scale bar: 10 μm). Shown are the representative images from three independent cell samples. b Effects of Fe2+ chelators on WS2 and MoS2 induced cytotoxicity (n = 3 biologically independent cell samples). BEAS-2B cells pretreated by 2 mM DFP or 0.4 mM DFX were exposed to 200 μg/mL WS2 and MoS2 and examine cell viability after 48 h incubation. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. ***p < 0.001 compared to untreated cells by two-tailored Student t-test. c Comparison of cell viabilities in wide-type and TfR-KD cells, cell viabilities in wide-type and TfR-KD cells exposed to 200 μg/mL WS2/MoS2 for 48 h were assessed by ATP assay (n = 3 biologically independent cell samples). Data are presented as mean values ± SD. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to wide-type cells by two-tailored Student t-test. d Representative images of ROS and e lipid peroxidation in BEAS-2B cells. After 12 incubation with 200 μg/mL WS2 and MoS2 for 12 h, BEAS-2B cells were stained with H2DCF-DA (scale bar: 10 μm) and Image-iT lipid peroxidation staining kit (scale bar: 10 μm) for confocal observation of nuclei (blue), reduced substrate (red), and oxidized substrate (green). 10 μM CH were used as positive controls. Shown are the representative images from three independent cell samples.
