Fig. 3: Fracture development across shells with various thicknesses.

Surface fracture development for seven model runs with different shell thickness (other variables held constant), imaged in terms of uplift with total fracture lengths. Dashed lines indicate the evolution beyond the thermal expansion limit (see text). The spheres show displacement (articulated as in Fig. 1) as each model run achieves a total length of surface fractures of 4.0E + 05 km.