Table 2 Simulated device performances depending on grain boundary recombination velocity.

From: Microscopic origins of performance losses in highly efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells

SGB (cm s−1)

Voc (mV)

jsc (mA cm−2)

FF (%)

η (%)

0 (and 0 meV band bending)

771

36.8

82

23.3

0

772–771

36.8

82

23.4–23.3

50

771–765

36.8–36.7

82

23.3–23.1

100

770–759

36.8–36.7

82

23.3–22.9

200

768–751

36.7

82

23.2–22.5

500

763–736

36.7–36.6

82–81

23.0–21.9

1000

756–721

36.7–36.5

82–81

22.8–21.2

2000

746–705

36.6–36.2

82–80

22.4–20.4

5000

729–684

36.5–35.6

82–79

21.7–19.1

  1. Simulated solar cell parameters based on the material parameter values given in Supplementary Table 3 and using SGB values ranging from 0 to 5000 cm s−1 as well as including upward band bending of +50 meV (upper limit) and downward band bending of −50 meV (lower limit of values).