Fig. 9: Vascular regeneration is required for recovery of perivascular macrophages and normalization of fibroblasts in dura mater after PTI.
From: VEGFR2 signaling drives meningeal vascular regeneration upon head injury
a, b Representative images and comparisons of the distribution of F4/80+ macrophages in the putative injury area (white dotted-lined circle) of dura mater at S14 and D14 in adult mice. Scale bars, 200 µm. Each dot indicates a mean value obtained from one mouse and n = 5 (S14), n = 4 (D14) mice/group from two independent experiments. Vertical bars indicate mean ± SD. *P = 0.0159 versus S14 by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity. c, d Representative images and comparisons of the distribution of F4/80+ macrophages in the putative injury area (white dotted-lined circle) of dura mater at D14 in adult mice that were treated with IgG-Fc or DC101 (daily i.p. injections of 40 mg/kg of body weight for 6 days). Note substantial inhibition of F4/80+ macrophage distribution in the injury area with DC101 treatment. Scale bars, 200 µm. Each dot indicates a mean value obtained from one mouse and n = 4 mice/group from two independent experiments. Vertical bars indicate mean ± SD. *P = 0.0286 versus IgG-Fc by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity. e, f Representative images and comparisons of the distribution of vimentin+ fibroblasts in the putative injury area (white dotted-lined circle) of dura mater in control and VEGFR2iΔEC mice at D14. Scale bars, 200 µm. Each dot indicates a mean value obtained from one mouse and n = 4 (control), n = 5 (VEGFR2iΔEC) mice/group from two independent experiments. Vertical bars indicate mean ± SD. *P = 0.0159 versus control by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test. g, h Representative images and comparisons of the number of broken neurofilament+nerve fibers (arrows) in the putative injury area (white dotted-lined circle) of dura mater in control and VEGFR2iΔEC mice at D3 and D14. Scale bars, 200 µm. Each dot indicates a mean value obtained from one mouse and n = 5 mice/group from three independent experiments. Vertical bars indicate mean ± SD. n.s., not significant by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test.
