Table 1 Sensing performances comparison.
Technology | Material | Selected ion | Supply voltage [V] | Ion concentration range [dec] | Normalized Sensitivity | Real-time ion detection | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current [uA mA-1 dec-1] | Voltage [mV V-1 dec-1] | |||||||
ISFET | Silicon | Na+, K+ | 1.8 | 4 | – | 31.6 | ✓ | |
ISFET | Graphene | K+ | 1.0 | 4.3 | – | 64.0 | ✓ | |
Hybrid ISFET | Silicon | K+ | 2.0 | 5 | – | 52.0 | ✓ | |
Single-gate TFT | ZnO | pH | 2.0 | 4 | – | 27.5 | – | |
double-gate TFT | a-IGZO | pH | 10.0 | 5 | – | 16.0 | – | |
Extended-gate FET | Porous-Si | Na+, K+ | 1.5 | 4 | 11 | 39.2 | – | |
EGOFET | P3HT | Na+ | 0.5 | 5 | 179 | 124.0 | ✓ | |
OECT | PEDOT:PSS | K+ | 0.4 | 5 | 72 | 120.0 | ✓ | |
Current-driven OECT | PEDOT:PSS | K+ | 0.8 | 2 | – | 517.5 | – | |
Current-driven OECT | IL-doped PEDOT:PSS | Na+ | 0.7 | 2 | – | 214.3 | – | |
Integrated IS-OECT | PEDOT:PSS | Na+ | 0.6 | 5 | – | 83.3 | – | |
Integrated IS-OECT | PEDOT:PSS | K+ | 0.6 | 5 | – | 80.0 | – | |
Membraneless OECT | p(T15c5-ran-EDOT) / PEDOT:PSS | Na+ | 1.2 | 5 | 25 | – | ✓ | |
Membraneless OECT | p(T18c6-ran-EDOT) / PEDOT:PSS | K+ | 1.2 | 4 | 24 | – | ✓ | |
OECT complementary amplifier | PEDOT:PSS, BBL | K+ | 0.5 | 5 | – | 2344.0 | ✓ | This work |
