Table 1 Overall effect size per estimator.

Alternative estimators	Cohen’s d	95% CI
Hunter–Schmidt^a (HS)	−0.058	−0.079	−0.037
Permutation Model^b (PE)	−0.093	−0.158	−0.055
DerSimonian–Laird^b,c (DL)	−0.093	−0.160	−0.055
Maximum-Likelihood^a (ML)	−0.193	−0.238	−0.148
Restricted Maximum-Likelihood^a (REML)	−0.194	−0.239	−0.148
Empirical Bayes^a [(EB) or Paule–Mandel]	−0.204	−0.251	−0.157
Sidik–Jonkman^a (SJ)	−0.219	−0.267	−0.170

The estimators compared alternatives available in STATA Metaan and R Metagen.
^aR.
^bSTATA.
^cDL estimate in R d = −0.093 [95% CI −0.113, −0.074].

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