Fig. 1: Syntheses and characterisation TRPV2-PCNH.

a Carbon nanohorn (CNH) agglomerations were self-coated with amphiphilic block phospholipid–PEG copolymers (DSPE–PEG) and TRPV2 antibody was then conjugated to the surface. b Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gele electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) analyses show successful immobilisation of IgG antibody on PCNH. c Representative negative staining transmission electron microscope (TEM) image (a magnified image is shown in the top left corner) and d dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses of TRPV2–PCNH show homogeneous shapes and sizes ranging from 80 to 150 nm. e Ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) absorption spectra of TRPV2–PCNH shows a wide absorption range in the NIR region. f Thermographic images of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 2 ml) and TRPV2–PCNH aqueous dispersions (2 ml, 100 µg ml⁻¹) after irradiation with a 1064-nm NIR laser at 1 W (~50 mW mm⁻²). g Time-dependent temperature elevation profiles of NIR laser-induced TRPV2–PCNH aqueous dispersions (200 µl) of varying concentrations. Identical volumes of PBS were used as a negative control. Laser power was applied at 1 W (~50 mW mm⁻²). Data are represented as means ± standard deviation (s.d.); n = 3 independent experiments.