Fig. 2: Population trends and fluctuations vary more among, rather than within, taxa, with amphibians being the only group showing pronounced declines over time.
From: Rare and common vertebrates span a wide spectrum of population trends
There were no distinct phylogenetic patterns in population trends and fluctuations e–j. For details on phylogenetic models, see methods and Supplementary Fig. 15. Grey colour in the heatmap in h shows species for which no population trend data were available. The numbers in the legend for a–d show sample size for each taxon. The μ values of population trend a, b, e–g and the σ2 values of population fluctuation c, d, h–j were derived from state-space model fits of changes in abundance over time for each population. a and c show the density distribution of population trends across taxa, the raw values (points) and boxplots (including the mean, first and third quartiles and boxplot whiskers that cover 1.5 times the interquartile range). b and d show the standardised effect sizes (centre of error bars) and the 95% credible intervals of population trends b and fluctuations d across the five studied taxa. Error bars in b and d show 95% credible intervals. See Fig. 1 caption for further details on effect sizes and Supplementary Tables 2 and 4 for model outputs. Icon credits: bird by Hernan D. Schlosman, snake and frog by parkjisun, fish by Julia Söderberg.
