Fig. 2: Enlarged view of two flux ropes. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Enlarged view of two flux ropes.

From: Direct evidence of secondary reconnection inside filamentary currents of magnetic flux ropes during magnetic reconnection

Fig. 2: Enlarged view of two flux ropes.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

The two ropes correspond to the left and right columns. The vertical shadows mark the varied magnetic field pulses. Different black arrows below the vertical shadows represent two kinds of varied magnetic field pulses with different signatures. a Three components of the magnetic field in GSM coordinates. b The perturbation in magnetic field B with the 1-s average data removed. c The total (black trace) and electron (pink trace) current density intensity. The total current density intensity \(|{{J}}|\,=\,{{e}}N|{{V}}_{\rm{i}}\,-\,{{V}}_{\rm{e}}|\), the electron current density intensity \(|{{J}}_{{e}}|\,=\,{{e}}N| - {{V}}_{{e}}|\), where e is the elementary charge, N is the electron number density, and Vi and Ve are the ion and electron velocity. d The curl of electron velocity. e The parallel electron velocity. f The two perpendicular components of the electron velocity, ⊥1 along (ve × b) and ⊥2 along b × (ve × b), where b and ve are unit vectors of the background magnetic field and the electron flow, respectively, calculated with the background average value outside the flux ropes. Here, b = (0.188, 0.679, −0.709) and ve = (−0.500, −0.124, −0.857) determined from interval 09:01:10.0–09:01:11.5 UT. gJ • E′ = J • (E + Ve × B). h–n The data of the rope FR2 are displayed in the same form and b = (0.176, 0.657, −0.733) and ve = (−0.502, −0.334, −0.798) for FR2 determined from interval 09:01:24.5–09:01:26.0 UT.

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