Fig. 5: Independent control of two momenta of the spatiotemporal beams. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Independent control of two momenta of the spatiotemporal beams.

From: Dynamic spatiotemporal beams that combine two independent and controllable orbital-angular-momenta using multiple optical-frequency-comb lines

Fig. 5

a–c The 2D amplitude and phase profiles at time t = 0, and the envelope structures in (x, y, t) coordinates of the generated rotating-revolving \(LG_{\bar \ell ,0}\) beams with different rotating \(\bar \ell\) values but the same revolving speed of 0.2 THz. Scale bar, 1 mm. The phasefronts are exp(iθ) and exp(i2θ) in one circle around the beams’ center intensity nulls in (a) and (b), respectively; panel (c) is a single beam combining an array of four rotating-revolving \(LG_{\bar \ell ,0}\) beams, where \(\bar \ell = 0,1,2,3\). See Supplementary Fig. 2 for details of the spatial \(LG_{\ell ,p}\) mode distributions used for superposition. d The corresponding profiles/structures of the generated rotating-revolving \(LG_{\bar \ell ,0}\) beams with the same \(\bar \ell\) = 3 value but a different revolving speed. e Examples of an LG3,0 beam revolving clockwise at different speeds from 0.2 to 0.6 THz; and f an LG3,0 beam revolving counterclockwise at a speed of 0.2 THz. Except for the varied parameters and the spatial/frequency spectra, all the other parameters are the same as those in Fig. 2.

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