Fig. 4: Depiction of anterior hippocampal mediation of income-cognitive score relationships.

a, b Bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that across the sample, anterior (Ahipp) hippocampal volumes partially mediated income-related gaps in episodic memory, p = 0.03, and vocabulary scores, p = 0.006, n = 690 participants. c, d Similarly, within the lower income subsample, anterior (Ahipp) hippocampal volumes partially mediated income-related gaps in episodic memory, p = 0.03, and vocabulary scores, p = 0.02, n = 399 participants. Standardized beta values are reported. The values in parentheses are the standardized beta coefficients reflecting the relationship between the two variables before accounting for anterior hippocampal volumes (i.e., the total effect). The values in front of the parentheses are the relationship between the variables after accounting for anterior hippocampal volumes (i.e., the direct effect).