Fig. 6: Oscillating localization for τ > L/v with and without delay in the feedback loop.

a Simulated time evolution of ρ^H/ρ^L, directly calculated from the density distribution ρ(x, y) at each time step. D_R is updated every t = nτ based on the past particle’s position r(t − τ). b Same as in a except for that D_R is updated every t = nτ based on the current position r(t = nτ). The simulation parameters are v = 3.5 μm s⁻¹, L = 32 μm, \({D}_{{\rm{R}}}^{{\rm{H}}}\) = 10 rad² s⁻¹ and \({D}_{{\rm{R}}}^{{\rm{L}}}\) = 0.01 rad² s⁻¹.