Fig. 5: Estimated duck breeding pair accessibility of land converted to crop production in the Prairie Pothole Region of the northern US, 2008–16. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Estimated duck breeding pair accessibility of land converted to crop production in the Prairie Pothole Region of the northern US, 2008–16.

From: Cropland expansion in the United States produces marginal yields at high costs to wildlife

Fig. 5: Estimated duck breeding pair accessibility of land converted to crop production in the Prairie Pothole Region of the northern US, 2008–16.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Values are displayed for all areas of noncropland converted to cropland within the PPR modeling extent (gray background). Nesting opportunities reflect the estimated number of duck pairs within a one square mile range which could access available habitat. Conversion was concentrated around the Missouri Coteau region of eastern North and South Dakota, where the accessibility of nests by breeding pairs is particularly high. The inset map depicts an example of the field-level results in the region, with converted fields colored according to their estimated accessibility to nesting pairs.

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