Fig. 1: Photoanode schematic and catalysts structure.

a A surface loading scheme for cross-surface electron transfer between RuP2+ and catalyst 1 co-loaded on a photoanode. b Structures of the catalysts used in the study.

a A surface loading scheme for cross-surface electron transfer between RuP2+ and catalyst 1 co-loaded on a photoanode. b Structures of the catalysts used in the study.