Fig. 4: The far field characteristics of the Archimedean VCSELs. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: The far field characteristics of the Archimedean VCSELs.

From: Lead halide perovskite vortex microlasers

Fig. 4

a The polarization states of the laser beam. The divergence angle are marked with dashed lines. b, c The measured self-interference patterns of the laser beams in the forward direction and in the backward direction, respectively. Here, the pump fluence is 21 μJ/cm2. d The numerically calculated phase profile of emission from the Archimedean spiral grating. The white dashed lines represent the angle of 10°.

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