Fig. 5: The MAPbBr3 perovskite VCSELs with different topological charges. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: The MAPbBr3 perovskite VCSELs with different topological charges.

From: Lead halide perovskite vortex microlasers

Fig. 5

a The top-view SEM images of the Archimedean spiral gratings with l = 0 (I), l = 1 (II), l = 2 (III), l = 3 (IV), and l = 4 (V). b The corresponding far field beam profiles of the perovskite VCSELs. c The corresponding self-interference patterns of emission beams in the forward direction. Here, the pump fluence is 21 µJ/cm2. d The corresponding phase distribution simulation results. The white lines represent the angle of 10°.

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