Fig. 5: Serine racemase is localized in both neurons and astrocytes in the MEA.

a Representative images of epileptic tissue acquired on a confocal microscope showing anti-NeuN (N), anti-serine racemase (SR), and anti-GFAP (A) immunoreactivity in neurons and astrocytes within different regions of the MEA (see schematic, row 6, column 3). Fluorophores for N (red), A (red), and SR (green) have been pseudo colored to show colocalization (yellow) in the merged (M) images. Panels in rows 3 through 6 are high magnification images of the lettered boxed regions identified above or within the same row. Text (top-right) in the high magnification panels identifies the immunoreactivity shown. For example, expression of serine racemase in neurons (box A) is shown in high mag through panels in row 3 (columns 1–3) and in astrocytes through panels in row 4 (columns 1–2). Panels in row 5 showcase racemase-positive (*) and racemase-negative neurons (red arrows) within the same section. bv blood vessels. b Representative images from control tissue showing colocalization of serine racemase with neurons and astrocytes. The panel in row 3, column 2 is a composite high mag image of N, A, and SR in the boxed region E (row 3, column 1). c A secondary-only control for SR with N and A (in control tissue) highlighting the specificity of the antibody used. In the absence of the SR antibody there is neither a signal nor colocalization with N or A. Each experiment shown in a–c was repeated at least twice independently with similar results.