Fig. 6: Map of the study sites and sampling locations.

Sampling sites (1) in the four major continental rivers (Pearl, Yangtze, Yellow, and Heilongjiang) in China; (2) the three sites in the Yellow River Estuary; (3) the seven sites in the Yangtze River Estuary and the East China Sea (ECS); (4) the two sites in the two mountainous rivers in Taiwan; and (5) the Mariana Trench (MT) site (11°20.605′N, 142°19.557′E) in the western North Pacific Ocean.