Fig. 1: China’s provincial emissions driven by export and domestic demands in 2013.
From: Role of export industries on ozone pollution and its precursors in China

a NMVOCs. Export-driven emissions stood out in the east and south coast, e.g., Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong. Demands from the United States (USA) and western Europe explained nearly half the export-relevant emissions. b NOx. Export contributed to 15% national sum of NOx emissions. Export-embodied emissions were notable in the east and south coast, as well as other inland provinces such as Inner Mongolia and Hebei. c CO. About 10% CO emissions in China were driven by export. Impacts of export were highlighted in Hebei, Shandong and Jiangsu. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.