Fig. 2: Impact of discount rate uncertainty on expected damages.

a Impact of different discount rate models on estimates of the net present value of expected damages for the hypothetical house (1500 ft² with a worth of $300 K and with the lowest floor at four feet below the base flood elevation). Box plots show the dispersion of the damage estimates for the three considered stochastic models. The whiskers extend to the data extremes. Boxplot centerline is the median. b Historical (1800–2018) and projected (2019–2118) discount rate time series. The shaded areas indicate the 90% credible interval of projected discount rates. c Probability density function (colored shaded areas) of discount rate models for 2118. Expected values are shown by solid lines.