Fig. 1: Location map for Kīlauea volcano.
From: The cascading origin of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption and implications for future forecasting
a Map of Kīlauea Volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi. The Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption (1983–2018) produced a 144 km2 lava flow field in the middle East Rift Zone (ERZ). The May–September 2018 eruption occurred on the lower ERZ, ~40 km from the summit caldera. A large portion of the summit caldera floor subsided during the 2018 eruption. UWEV, PUOC, JCUZ, and JOKA are continuous GPS stations. The star shows the epicenter of the May 4 Mw 6.9 earthquake. b Schematic structural map of Kīlauea Volcano, showing the summit region and two rift zones. The mobile south flank exhibits steady southeast motion, and is tightly coupled with the rift zone magmatic system. c Small ash-rich explosive event at the summit, during the collapse of Halemaʻumaʻu crater, on May 15, 2018. USGS photo. d Fountaining (~50 m high) at fissure 8, the dominant vent in the lower East Rift Zone on June 5, 2018. Residences in Leilani Estates subdivision are visible in the background. USGS photo.
