Fig. 3: Genetic correlations and causality.
From: Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability
a Genetic correlations for FI, b genetic correlations for FG. Phenotypes with statistically significant (P < 0.001) genetic correlations (calculated by LD score regression) with FI/FG in either women or men are plotted. The outer track shows estimates for all together, followed by those for women and men. Traits with I2 (sex heterogeneity) ≥50% are labeled with asterisks. Gray color indicates traits that do not show significant genetic correlation with the given glycemic trait. Estimates in black color indicate statistically significant associations. c bi-directional MR analysis between WHRadjBMI and FI with betas, standard errors of the estimates and P values from random-effect inverse-variance weighted regression given for men and women. AN anorexia nervosa, BMI body-mass index, EA educational attainment as of years of schooling 2016, FVC forced vital capacity, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HC hip circumference, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-B homeostatic model assessment of beta cell function, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, leptin adjBMI leptin adjusted for BMI, Leptin not adjBMI leptin not adjusted for BMI, Obesity 1 obesity class 1, Obesity II obesity class II, Obesity III obesity class 3, T2D type 2 diabetes, TG triglycerides, WC waist circumference, WHR adjBMI waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI, UKBB UK Biobank.
