Fig. 1: Vav2 catalytic output affects muscle mass and fiber size.
From: Vav2 catalysis-dependent pathways contribute to skeletal muscle growth and metabolic homeostasis
a, b Body composition of animals of the indicated age and genotype (bottom) measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. LA, Vav2L332A/L332A mice; Onc, Vav2Onc/Onc mice. Data represent the mean ± SEM. Asterisks indicate differences in white adipose tissue (WAT) or lean mass with respect to their age-matched WT mice. The differences in weight between control and the appropriate knock-in mice are indicated using a horizontal bracket. *, P = 0.0101 (WAT, 4-month-old mice, a), P = 0.0343 (lean mass, 4-month-old mice, a), P = 0.0102 (lean mass, 11-month-old mice, a), P = 0.0197 (lean mass, 12-month-old mice, a), P = 0.0337 (lean mass, 13-month-old mice, a), P = 0.0103 (total, 12-month-old mice, a), P = 0.0354 (total, 13-month-old mice, a), P = 0.0171 (WAT, 6-month-old mice, b), P = 0.0273 (WAT, 9-month-old mice, b), P = 0.0327 (WAT, 10-month-old mice, b), P = 0.0286 (lean mass, 9-month-old mice, b), and P = 0.0499 (lean mass, 10-month-old mice, b); **, P = 0.0029 (WAT, 9-month-old mice, a), P = 0.0035 (WAT, 11-month-old mice, a), P = 0.0012 (WAT, 13-month-old mice, a), P = 0.0061 (lean mass, 9-month-old mice, a), P = 0.0076 (lean mass, 3-month-old mice, b) and P = 0.0093 (lean mass, 7-month-old mice, b); ***, P = 0.0008 (WAT and lean mass, 8-month-old mice, a) and P = 0.0003 (WAT, 12-month-old mice, a) using two-tailed Student’s t tests. n = 5 (9-, 11-, 12-, and 13-month-old WT controls for Vav2L332A/L332A mice; 6-, 7-, 9-, 10-, and 11-month-old Vav2Onc/Onc mice and their matched controls), 6 (4- and 5-month-old WT controls for Vav2L332A/L332A mice and 4-month-old Vav2L332A/L332A mice), 7 (8-, 9-, 11-, 12- and 13-month-old Vav2L332A/L332A mice), 10 (3-month-old Vav2Onc/Onc mice), and 12 (3-month-old WT animals). c, d Weight of the gastrocnemius (GA) (c) or quadriceps (QU) (d) from mice of the indicated ages (bottom) and genotypes (inset). Boxes, lines inside boxes, and bars represent the 25th to 75th percentiles, the median, and the minimum and maximum values, respectively. Asterisks refer to the P value between age-matched animals. *, P = 0.0271 (6-month-old WT vs. Vav2L332A/L332A mice, QU), P = 0.0116 (10-month-old WT vs. Vav2L332A/L332A mice, GA), and P = 0.0129 (10-month-old WT vs. Vav2Onc/Onc mice, QU); **, P = 0.0063 (2-month-old WT vs. Vav2L332A/L332A mice, GA), P = 0.0073 (6-month-old WT vs. Vav2L332A/L332A mice, GA), P = 0.0066 (2-month-old WT vs. Vav2Onc/Onc mice, GA), P = 0.0053 (6-month-old WT vs. Vav2Onc/Onc mice, GA), P = 0.0079 (6-month-old WT vs. Vav2−/− mice, GA), and P = 0.0020 (2-month-old WT vs. Vav2L332A/L332A mice, QU); ***, P = 0.0007 (10-month-old WT vs. Vav2L332A/L332A mice, QU), P = 0.00007 (6-month-old WT vs. Vav2Onc/Onc mice, QU), and P = 0.00006 (6-month-old WT vs. Vav2−/− mice, QU) using two-tailed Student’s t tests. n = 5 (WT controls for 2- and 10-month-old Vav2L332A/L332A, GA and Vav2−/− mice), 11 (WT controls for 6-month-old Vav2L332A/L332A mice), 7 (6-month-old Vav2Onc/Onc mice, GA and WT controls for 2-month-old Vav2Onc/Onc mice, GA), 9 (6-month-old Vav2L332A/L332A mice and 2-month-old Vav2Onc/Onc mice, GA), 10 (WT controls for 6-month-old Vav2Onc/Onc mice, GA), 6 (10-month-old Vav2L332A/L332A mice, their controls and 2-month-old Vav2L332A/L332A mice, QU), 3 (2-month-old Vav2Onc/Onc mice, QU), 8 (WT controls and 6-month-old Vav2Onc/Onc mice, QU), and 4 (rest of conditions). e Representative images of hematoxylin–eosin-stained sections of gastrocnemius muscles of 6-month-old animals of the indicated genotypes (left). n =5 animals per group. Scale bar, 50 μm. f, g Distribution of the cross-sectional area of the fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle of 2- (f) and 6-month-old (g) animals of the indicated genotypes (inset). Values are presented as mean ± SEM. Gray and blue lines indicate the mean cross-sectional fiber area of WT and Vav2L332A/L332A animals, respectively. *, P = 0.0472 (500–700 range, f), P = 0.0412 (1500–1700 range, f), and P = 0.0347 (g); **, P = 0.0032 (f), P = 0.0027 (1500–1700 range, g), P = 0.0032 (1700–1900 range, g), P = 0.0023 (700–900 range, g), and P = 0.0010 (900–1100, g); ***, P = 0.00004 using two-tailed Student’s t tests (in the case of the mean) and two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD tests. n = 4 (2-month-old Vav2L332A/L332A animals) and 5 (rest of cases). h Representative images of hematoxylin–eosin-stained sections of gastrocnemius muscles of 6-month-old animals of the indicated genotypes (left). n = 5 WT and 6 Vav2Onc/Onc mice. Scale bar, 50 μm. i, j Distribution of the cross-sectional fiber area in the gastrocnemius of 2- (i) and 6-month-old (j) mice of the indicated genotypes (inset). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Gray and light red lines indicate the mean fiber area of WT and Vav2Onc/Onc animals, respectively. *, P = 0.0121 (i), P = 0.0425 (j); **, P = 0.0014; ***, P = 0.0008 using two-tailed Student’s t tests (in the case of the mean) and two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD tests. n = 4 (i), 6 (WT mice, j), and 5 (6-month-old Vav2Onc/Onc mice). Source data for this figure are provided as a Source data file.
