Fig. 8: S-nitrosylation of VbrK is important for dampening the proinflammatory cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. | Nature Communications

Fig. 8: S-nitrosylation of VbrK is important for dampening the proinflammatory cytokines both in vitro and in vivo.

From: S-nitrosylation-mediated activation of a histidine kinase represses the type 3 secretion system and promotes virulence of an enteric pathogen

Fig. 8

a IL-8 and IL-1β concentration in the culture medium of uninfected Caco-2 cells or Caco-2 cells infected with the indicated strains. All error bars represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 biologically independent experiments). Statistical significance was calculated using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Asterisks indicate P values *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, and ***P < 0.0005 compared to the cells infected with WT. b Relative expression of IL-8 in Caco-2 cells infected with indicated strains. Bars indicate average fold changes of IL-8 transcript relative to that in the uninfected cells. All error bars represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 biologically independent experiments). Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Asterisks indicate P values *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, and ***P < 0.0005 compared to cells infected WT. c Caspase-1 cleavage in Caco-2 cells infected with the indicated strains. d Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of T3SS1 genes in the infant rabbits infected with the indicated strains for 18 h. Bars represent fold changes of T3SS1 genes compared to the expression of respective genes under in vitro LB growth condition. All error bars represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 biologically independent experiments). Statistical significance was calculated using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Asterisks indicate P values *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, and ***P < 0.0005 compared to those in WT during infection. e Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of cytokine genes in the infant rabbits infected with the indicated strains for 18 h. Bars represent fold changes of the cytokines compared to the expression of the respective cytokines in the rabbits infected with WT. All error bars represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 biologically independent experiments). Statistical significance was calculated using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Asterisks indicate P values *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, and ***P < 0.0005 compared to the cytokine expression in WT-infected rabbits. f Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of cytokine genes in the infant rabbits infected with the indicated strains for 38 h. Bars represent fold changes compared to the expression of these cytokines in rabbits infected with WT. All error bars represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 biologically independent experiments). Statistical significance was calculated using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Asterisks indicate P values *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, and ***P < 0.0005 compared to the cytokine expression in WT-infected rabbits.

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