Fig. 4: Patchable 3D motion tracking NV-MED display.

a Schematic of a 3D motion tracking display with 5 × 5 NV-MED arrays. b Images of NV-MED arrays mounted on the skin of a rat; the magnetic surgical probe enters the body through the inlet (scale bars: 5 mm). c Close-up schematic view of the NV-MED array-mounted site showing the magnetic probe below the pixels of the NV-MED arrays, resulting in the erasure of the EL of each pixel. d MRI scan of a rat abdominal cavity with the 5 × 5 grid. The positions of the liver and stomach were marked in red and blue, respectively. e The estimated routes for liver and stomach surgery with the grid. f EL change in the pixels of the NV-MED arrays as a function of time upon moving the magnetic probe to the target liver. NV-MED arrays mounted on a rat captured during the movement. The time for each step is shown in the photograph (scale bars: 5 mm). g Variation in the channel destruction rate (EL decay rate) as a function of depth of the magnetic probe. h 3D plots of the route to the liver with the depth of the magnetic probe showing the actual pathway of the probe.