Fig. 5: The network of the observed interactions among different stress agents. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: The network of the observed interactions among different stress agents.

From: Neonicotinoid Clothianidin reduces honey bee immune response and contributes to Varroa mite proliferation

Fig. 5

Clothianidin (CLT) contamination decreases NF-κB activation, impairing the immune response and enhancing mite’s fitness, as a possible consequence of a higher feeding efficiency. The decrease in NF-κB activation relaxes immune control on DWV, which, above a certain threshold, impacts NF-κB, reinforcing the negative effect on immune response. Arrows indicate positive (i.e., stimulation or upregulation) interactions; bar-headed lines mark negative interactions (i.e., inhibition or downregulation); dashed lines indicate that the effect can be impaired by Clothianidin treatment.

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