Fig. 1: Types of the vibrational couplings of the H–O–H bending mode.
From: Vibrational couplings and energy transfer pathways of water’s bending mode

a Intermolecular bend-bend coupling of different water molecules. b Intramolecular bend-libration coupling within a single water molecule. c Intermolecular bend-libration coupling of different water molecules. d Bend-libration mixing induced by the asymmetric hydrogen-bond (H-bond) strengths. Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms are represented by white and red spheres, respectively. The gray arrows represent the H–O–H angular bisector direction. Strong (weak) hydrogen-bonds are represented by thick (thin) broken blue lines.