Fig. 1: Sample sketch, experimental set up, and Tilt series image data. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Sample sketch, experimental set up, and Tilt series image data.

From: Revealing 3D magnetization of thin films with soft X-ray tomography: magnetic singularities and topological charges

Fig. 1

a Sketch of magnetization in the striped domain pattern in NiFe/NdCo/NiFe trilayer. b Scheme of the full-field magnetic soft X-ray transmission microscope: (I) ancillary slits to select the polarization of the X rays (circular CW or CCW), (II) capillary condenser, (III) goniometric stage (θ rotation), φ rotation manually performed outside the microscope, (IV) Fresnel zone plate, and (V) CCD detector. c Top view sketch to illustrate sample reference frame and magnetization components probed during a θ rotation (around the y axis): (I) Normal incidence (θ = 0°) leads to out-of-plane (m⊥) sensitivity. (II) Oblique incidence (θ = 30°) allows for in-plane (m||) and out-of-plane (m⊥) sensitivity. d, e Transmittance images for two different sample configurations, incidence angles, and photon polarizations: d Tilt series 1 (φ = 0°), e Tilt series 2 (φ = 102°). Reference frame indicated in both datasets. Probed magnetization components (m||, m⊥) indicated for each configuration. Dot–dash vertical line indicates θ rotation axis. Scale bars 1 μm. The black dots in the images of d and e are Au fiducials for image alignment.

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