Fig. 1: Mannose impairs LPS-induced IL-1β production.

a qPCR analysis of IL-1β mRNA levels in resting and LPS-activated BMDMs cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of the indicated concentrations of mannose in RPMI medium containing 11 mM glucose. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. of at least n = 6 wells pooled from two independent experiments performed in technical triplicate. In this and all other figures, “wells” represent technical replicate samples setup and assessed under identical conditions within a single experiment. ***P < 0.001 (two-tailed Student’s t-test). b ELISA-mediated determination of IL-1β secreted in media of BMDMs treated as in a. When indicated (+ATP), BMDMs were incubated with 2.5 mM ATP for additional 40 min for inflammasome activation. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. of n = 10 wells pooled from two independent experiments. ***P < 0.001 (two-tailed Student’s t-test). c, d Endotoxin-induced model of sepsis. Seven- to 9-week-aged male Balb/c mice were stimulated with a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 20 mg/kg O55:B5 LPS and treated with either 2 g/kg mannose or saline control (vehicle) solution given hourly by i.p. injections for up to six times. In c mice were sacrificed after 3 h and IL-1β concentration in serum determined by ELISA. Data are presented as box plot of n = 18 (vehicle-treated LPS-stimulated), n = 20 (mannose-treated LPS-stimulated) and n = 6 (LPS untreated) mice. Boxes extend from the 25th to 75th percentiles, bold black line indicates median, and the whiskers range from the minimum to maximum value. In d, survival of n = 13 LPS-stimulated mice per group, treated as in c, was monitored up to 18 h. Indicated P value in c and in d were calculated by two-tailed Student’s t-test and log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.