Fig. 2: Autophagy promotes the synthesis of specific amino acids under nitrogen starvation.

a Schematic of the experimental design. WT (ATG1) and atg1Δ cells were grown in SD and starved in [U-13C]-SD-N for varying times. Metabolites were extracted and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. b Changes of [U-12C]- and [U-13C]-amino acids in nitrogen-starved WT and atg1Δ cells. Three independent replicates for leu/ile, five for his, nine for asp, and six for the remaining amino acids. WT and atg1Δ cells were always processed and analyzed together and therefore their relative abundances are directly comparable. hs: homoserine.