Fig. 2: Formation of interfacial jamming stabilized GO/DDAB emulgel inks.
a Time evolution of interfacial tension of different oil-water systems, including deionized (DI) water@chloroform, aqueous (aq.) GO1.0% dispersion@chloroform, or aq. GO1.0% dispersion@chloroform DDAB solution. b Optical and optical microscope (OM) images of GO0.2%/Idobenzene (IB) emulsion. c Image of IB and aq. GO1.0% solution mixtures that fail in emulsification. d Image of GO1.0%/DDAB-IB emulsion. e, f OM images of GO1.0%/DDAB-IB emulsion droplets before (e) and after removing the oil phase (f). Continuous membranes outside droplets are displayed. g, h Apparent viscosity as a function of shear rate (g) and shear storage modulus as a function of shear stress for GO1.0% dispersion and GO1.0%/DDAB-IB. G’ and G” represent the storage modulus and loss modulus, respectively. Inset in (h) is a photograph of sustainable GO1.0%/DDAB-IB filaments after extrusion. i–n Polarized optical microscopy (POM) images of GO texture (i–k) and schematic illustration of GO packing (l–n) in GO1.0% dispersion with (I, l)/without shearing (j, m) and GO1.0%/DDAB-IB emulgel (k, n). o Atomic force microscope (AFM) image of the interfacial membrane that formed at the interface of chloroform DDAB solution (0.1 wt%) and aq. GO solution (0.05 wt%) and p the height profile. The heights of 28 nm, 55 nm, 94 nm correspond to one, two, and three folded layers of membrane. Scale bars, 20 μm (b, e, f, k), 100 μm (I, j).
