Fig. 4: Effect of varied parameters on the relative upconversion photoluminescence (UCPLrel)−comparison of simulation and experiment.
From: Experimental validation of a modeling framework for upconversion enhancement in 1D-photonic crystals
a We investigate the dependence of UCPLrel on the design wavelength λdesign using 40 sample designs around the expected maximum UC enhancement, sorted into five groups (I–V) of similar λdesign. Two measurements of each investigated design are plotted, the boxes contain 50%, the whiskers 80% of the data points within each group. Point and horizontal line represent mean and median, respectively. b Scanning the excitation wavelength λexcitation, the mean and standard deviation of UCPLrel within each group I–V is plotted. The applied irradiance in experiment lies between 1.57 W cm−2 at λexcitation = 1500 nm and 1.38 W cm−2 at λexcitation = 1560 nm. The simulation is plotted for the center λdesign of each group at these two boundary irradiances. c Effect of varied irradiance for one sample design of group III, compared to simulation of UCPLrel including only one photonic effect, of the changed local energy density urel or the modified local density of optical states \({\mathrm{LDOS}}_{{\mathrm{rel}}}\), or both effects. For all investigated parameter scans (a–c), the expected trends from simulation are clearly visible in experiment. In the mean of all 2480 measurements at separate parameter combinations, the experimentally measured UCPLrel divided by the simulated UCPLrel is 82 ± 24%, featuring a very good agreement. Source data for a and b (i–v) are provided as a Source Data file.
