Fig. 3: The evolving cellular landscape of the aging human lung.

Forest plot of age-associated changes in the proportions of lung cell types. Only the cell types with non-zero estimated proportions in >50% of samples were retained for analysis (49 of 57 total). Positive coefficients denote cell types that increase in proportion with age, while negative coefficients indicate cell types that decrease in proportion with age. Statistical significance of age-association was determined by a nonparametric ordinal logistic regression model, controlling for sex, smoking status, and Hardy scale. Point sizes are scaled by statistical significance. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.