Fig. 1: Device and cascade concept.

a Scanning electron micrograph of a device nominally identical to the one used for the experiments. Dashed circles labelled with numbers indicate quantum dots in the array, and the dashed circle labelled with ‘S' is the sensing dot. The scale bar corresponds to 160 nm. b Schematic illustration of spin-to-charge conversion combined with a cascade for electron spin readout on dots far from the charge sensor.