Fig. 3: Calculated structures and energies for H adsorption and H–H coupling on proposed metal/TiO2 composites.

a–c H adsorption at two reactive sites (labeled as a and b) and d–f transition states of H–H coupling on the Pt7Rh6/TiO2, Pt7Cu6/TiO2, and Pt6Cu13/TiO2 composites, respectively. Gibbs adsorption energies for the independent adsorption of H atom on each of the two reactive sites (H_a and H_b), the co-adsorption of two H atoms (H_ab), as well as the H–H coupling barrier Eacoup, are given in eV.