Table 1 Atmospheric oxygen level estimates based on the discrete method.

From: A persistently low level of atmospheric oxygen in Earth’s middle age

Group

Age

5 percentiles

10 percentiles

15 percentiles

pO2 (% PAL)

pO2 (% PAL)

pO2 (% PAL)

Paleoproterozoic

2500–1600 Ma

1.0

1.6

2.4

Mesoproterozoic—early Neoproterozoic

1600–650 Ma

0.8

1.6

2.4

late Neoproterozoic—early Paleozoic

650–400 Ma

2.4

5.2

5.5

middle Paleozoic to modern

400–0 Ma

100

100

100

  1. We use 10th percentiles to represent the best estimates, and 5th and 15th percentiles to estimate the lower and upper bounds.