Fig. 5: Skyrmion creation/annihilation.
From: Electric-field control of skyrmions in multiferroic heterostructure via magnetoelectric coupling
Isolated skyrmion morphology at E = +0 kV/cm (a), −4 kV/cm (b), −0 kV/cm (c), +4 kV/cm (d), +0 kV/cm (e), and −4 kV/cm (f) with Bbias = 55 mT. The insets in a–f show the simulation results of strain-mediated annihilation and reappearance of one single skyrmion with \(\varepsilon _{\left[ { - 110} \right]} = \varepsilon _{\left[ {110} \right]} = 0\), D = 0.772 mJ/m2 for E = +0 kV/cm (a, e); \(\varepsilon _{\left[ { - 110} \right]} = \varepsilon _{\left[ {110} \right]} = - 0.0425\%\), D = 0.585 mJ/m2 for E = −4 kV/cm (b, f); \(\varepsilon _{\left[ { - 110} \right]} = \varepsilon _{\left[ {110} \right]} = - 0.0415\%\), D = 0.685 mJ/m2 for E = −0 kV/cm (c); and \(\varepsilon _{\left[ { - 110} \right]} = \varepsilon _{\left[ {110} \right]} = - 0.012\%\), D = 0.727 mJ/m2 for E = +4 kV/cm (d). A 20-nm diameter pinning site with ~5% lower perpendicular anisotropy was specified, as indicated by the dashed circle in the center. The scale bar is 100 nm.
