Fig. 4: Anthropogenic impact on the time of emergence (TOE) of extreme fire weather. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Anthropogenic impact on the time of emergence (TOE) of extreme fire weather.

From: Human-driven greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions cause distinct regional impacts on extreme fire weather

Fig. 4

a The median TOE of extreme fire-weather frequency in the ALL forcing ensemble. TOE is the year at which the 10-year moving average of extreme fire-weather frequency exceeds and permanently remains above the baseline threshold, which is one standard deviation over the mean of the 1980–2005 all-forcing (ALL) ensemble. TOE is only shown for grid points with robust TOE, i.e., at least one-third of the ALL ensemble emerges before 2070. Gray areas show TOEs that are not robust, and white shading shows locations where none of the ensemble members emerge before 2070. b Median TOE difference between the ALL and the all-but-aerosol (XAER) ensemble. Negative (positive) values indicate an acceleration (delay) in the TOE. Blue stippling shows robust TOE for the XAER ensemble, but not for the ALL ensemble. Coral stippling shows robust TOE for the ALL ensemble, but not for the XAER ensemble. Gray areas have no robust TOE in both the ALL and XAER ensembles, c, b but for greenhouse gases (XGHG). Oceans, glaciers, and bare land are masked in white in all panels.

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