Fig. 4: Morphology optimization of thin films. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Morphology optimization of thin films.

From: Single-layered organic photovoltaics with double cascading charge transport pathways: 18% efficiencies

Fig. 4: Morphology optimization of thin films.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a 2D GIXD patterns of the binary, ternary and quaternary blends. b Out-of-plane (black) and in-plane (red) linecut profiles of the 2D GIXD data. c D-spacing (red symbol), CCL (blue symbol) and peak area/volume fraction (black symbol) of pi–pi and lamellae diffraction peak for blended films with different composition. d Molecular packing sketch map of Y6 crystal. e The arrangement sketch of molecules in quaternary blended films.

Back to article page