Fig. 2: Auto-ponderomotive S-curved guide.
From: Charged particle guiding and beam splitting with auto-ponderomotive potentials on a chip
a A beam of charged particles with charge Q and velocity vz is injected into a guiding structure consisting of two planar chips facing each other with a separation of 1 mm. The chips hold electrodes to which electrostatic potentials +UDC (blue) and −UDC (red) are applied. Their polarity varies periodically along the structure with the period length LP leading to the creation of the guiding pseudopotential for propagating electrons. b Simulation of the ponderomotive potential in a cut-plane transverse to the beam for electrons with UDC = 100 V and UA = −1 kV. The small ellipticity is due to the broken circular symmetry of the planar chips. c The electrodes on the chips define an S-curve that guides the particles so that they are laterally displaced. The particles are detected by a microchannel plate (MCP) detector 1 cm behind the structure. For illustration, only the bottom chip 1 is shown in full detail. Chip 2 has the mirrored electrode layout but with inverted polarity as shown in a. The detector signal of guided particles is highlighted by a dashed purple circle. A picture of the front and back of the upper chip is displayed in the Supplementary Fig. 2.
