Fig. 1: Pdcd10^BECKO mice develop CCM lesions but survive to adulthood.

a–c CCM lesion quantification in WT, Pdcd10^BECKO, and Pdcd10^ECKO mice at P10. Representative images of H&E staining and lesion quantifications in the cerebrum (arrows) and cerebellum (asterisks) are shown. The numbers of total lesions and lesions with different sizes were quantified as # of lesions per 10 coronal sections, which were 100 μm apart. n = 10 mice per group. d Cumulative survival curve for WT (Pdcd10^fl/fl), Pdcd10^BECKO (Mfsd2aCreER^T2; Pdcd10^fl/fl), and Pdcd10^ECKO mice (Cdh5-CreER^T2; Pdcd10^fl/fl). N for each group is indicated. P < 0.0001 (Log-rank test). e Brain/body-weight ratios. Brain weight, body weight, and the brain/body-weight ratios are presented for WT and Pdcd10^BECKO mice at 6–9 months old. n = 3 mice per group. f–k CCM lesion characterization and quantification in WT and Pdcd10^BECKO at 2–6 months. Representative images of fresh tissues, H&E staining (lesions indicated by asterisks), iron deposits (blue patches identified by Prussian blue), collagen deposition (red patches identified by Sirius Red), and EC proliferation (Ki67⁺) in the cerebrum (f, g) and cerebellum (h, i). Arrows indicate positive staining. The numbers of total lesions and lesions with different sizes were quantified as # of lesions per 10 coronal sections, which were 200 μm apart. n = 10 mice per group. Data are means ± SEM. P values are indicated, two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (b, c, e, j, k). Scale bars: 25 μm (a); 100 μm (g, i); 1 mm (f, h). Source data are provided as a Source data file.