Fig. 3: Characterization of pHPFON nanoplatform.

a Elemental mapping. Scale bar, 50 nm. b N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm and c corresponding pore-size distribution. d UV–vis spectra of pHPFON at various concentrations. e NIR-II fluorescence spectrum. f Plot of PA signal versus concentration. Inset: PA images at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 mg/mL. g Photothermal heating curves and images of pHPFON at different concentration under 808-nm laser irradiation at 1 W/cm2. h Cumulative NO release from pHPFON-NO at different pH values. Inset: schematic illustration of low-pH-induced NO release. i Cumulative O2 release from pHPFON-O2 in response to the laser irradiation. Inset: schematic illustration of laser-activatable O2 release. Experiments were performed twice (b–e, g, i) or three times (a, f, h), with similar results. Data are presented as mean ± s.d.