Table 4 Comparison of in silico knockout whole-body metabolic models versus healthy whole-body metabolic models using COBRA modeling with GWAS results.

From: Rare genetic variants affecting urine metabolite levels link population variation to inborn errors of metabolism

Gene

Metabolite

VMH ID

In silico maximal flux of urine metabolite excretion

Observed effect on urine metabolite concentrations

In silico maximal flux in the blood compartment

HAL

Trans-urocanate

urcan

ALPL

Phosphoethanolamine

ethamp

=

ASLa

Argininosuccinate

argsuc

ALDH6A1

3-Hydroxyisobutyrate

3hmp

DMGDH

Dimethylglycine

dmgly

ACY1

N-acetylglycine

acgly

N-acetylglutamate

acglu

UPB1

3-Ureidoisobutyrate

3uib

3-Ureidopropionate

cala

  1. “↓” denotes decreased maximal flux in knockout model, “↑” denotes increased maximal flux in knockout model, “=” denotes unchanged flux in knockout model. VMH – virtual metabolic human database, www.vmh.life.
  2. aThis knockout model and the corresponding flux simulation were already reported in Thiele et al.43. Gene symbols are shown italicized.