Fig. 3: Fabrication of LaNiO3 heteroepitaxial (001)cubic thin films with dopants.

a A series of EDS maps is provided to verify the homogeneous distribution of the dopants in the films. The doping level was adjusted to be 10%. b HAADF images and their enlargements for the surface region are shown to directly confirm both the heteroepitaxy and the clean (001) surface of the films on SrTiO3 substrates.