Table 1 Sensitivity of commercially available test kits and existing biosensors for COVID-19 testing.

CRISPR technology

Plasma, serum, and throat and nasal swab

-

-

⁵⁶

Nasal swab

ORF1ab and N gene

2 copies/sample

⁵⁷

Nasopharyngeal swabs

E gene and N gene

10 copies/µL

²⁰

-

S, N and Orf1ab genes

42 copies/reaction

⁵⁸

Colorimetric assay

Oropharyngeal swab

N gene

0.18 ng/µL

⁵⁹

Localized surface plasmon resonance

Synthetic cDNA

RdRp

2.26 × 10⁴ copies

⁴²

RT-LAMP

Swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

orf1ab

20 copies/reaction

¹⁸

S genes

200 copies/reaction

Throat swabs

orf1ab

20 copies /25μL

¹⁷

S gene

2 copies/25μL

N gene

2 copies/25μL

Nasal swabs

N gene

100 copies

¹⁹

DNA nanoscaffold-based hybrid chain reaction

Synthetic RNA

conserved region

0.96 pM

²¹

RCA

Synthetic cDNA

RdRp

0.4 fM

²⁷

Nasopharyngeal swab

N gene and S gene

1 copy/µL

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